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Contact Info
Home Town Lexington
Date of Passing Dec 13, 1965
Location of Interment Arlington National Cemetery (VLM) - Arlington, Virginia
Lieutenant General Robert Frederick Sink (April 3, 1905–December 13, 1965) was a United States Army officer during World War II, the Korean War, and early parts of the Vietnam War, though was most famous for his command of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment of the 101st Airborne Division.
Early career
Sink attended Duke University (then known as Trinity College) for one year before securing an appointment to the United States Military Academy. He graduated with the West Point Class of 1927, 174th in a Class of 203 (Cullum Number 8196) and commissioned as an Infantry Officer. Sink's initial assignment was to the 8th Infantry Regiment in Fort Screven, Georgia as a Second Lieutenant.
Sink took assignments in Puerto Rico (1929, 65th Infantry Regiment), at the U.S. Army Chemical Warfare School (1932), at Fort Meade (1932, 34th Infantry Regiment, with the Civilian Conservation Corps (1933 at McAlevy’s Fort, Pennsylvania), and returned to the 34th Infantry Regiment before heading off to attend the United States Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia (1935).
In November 1937, after assignment to the 57th Infantry Regiment at Fort McKinley, in the Philippines, Sink returned to the United States and was assigned to the 25th Infantry Regiment at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, where he served successively as company commander and regimental operations officer.
World War II
In 1940, he was assigned to the 501st Parachute Infantry Battalion at Fort Benning. Sink became one of the four percent of the army’s paratroopers qualified as a master parachutist and celebrated his birthday each year by making another jump.
He later commanded the 503rd Parachute Infantry Battalion and (later) Regiment. In July 1942 he was named as commander of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment at Toccoa, Georgia; Fort Benning, Georgia; and Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Sink commanded the 506th throughout World War II, turning down two promotions during the war to remain with the unit[1] (the regiment sometimes being referred to as the "Five-Oh-Sink') and became a close personal friend to Major Richard Winters. He made two combat jumps in command of the 506th (D-Day and Operation Market Garden), and commanded the Regiment at Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge.
Post war career
On August 12, 1945, Sink was named assistant division commander of the 101st Airborne Division. In December 1945, Sink returned to the United States, and the following month assumed command of the infantry detachment of the United States Military Academy. He entered the National War College at Fort Lesley J. McNair in Washington, D.C. in August 1948, graduating in June 1949. Sink then was transferred to the Ryukyus Command, and became chief of staff in October 1949. In January 1951, he was named assistant commander of the 7th Infantry Division in Korea.
He returned to the United States and became assistant commander of the 11th Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, in December 1951. In February 1953, he assumed command at the 7th Armored Division at Camp Roberts, California. In November 1953, he became commanding general of the 44th Infantry Division at Fort Lewis, Washington. In October 1954, Sink was assigned to the Joint Airborne Troop board at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. In early 1955, he was transferred to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in April 1955 assumed the dual functions of chairman of the United States Delegation to the Joint Brazil-United States Military Commission and chief of army section, Military Assistance Advisory Group, Brazil.
He returned to the United States and assumed Command of the XVIII Airborne Corps and Fort Bragg in May 1957. In May 1958, he was announced as commander, Strategic Army Corps (STRAC), United States Army. His last major command was as commander of United States forces in Panama (CinC, Caribbean Command, Quarry Heights, Canal Zone). Lieutenant General Robert Frederick Sink retired in 1961, and died four years later in 1965.
Family
Sink was married and had three children, and two stepchildren.
Other Comments:
Allied Decorations
Distinguished Service Order (Britain)
Belgian Order of Leopold, Officer grade, with Palm
Croix de Guerre with Palm (Belgium)
Belgian fourragere
French Croix de Guerre avec Palme
Dutch Bronze Lion
Netherlands Orange Lanyard
United Nations Korea Medal
Korean Presidential Unit Citation
Promotions
The following is a list of Sink's promotions in chronological order beginning with his graduation from the United States Military Academy as a Second Lieutenant of Infantry.
Second Lieutenant (RA) 14 June 1927
First Lieutenant (RA) 31 August 1933
Captain (RA) 13 June 1937
Major (US) 31 January 1941
Lieutenant Colonel (US) 1 February 1942
Colonel (US) 3 November 1942
Major (RA) 14 June 1944
Major General (US) 11 April 1948
Lieutenant Colonel (RA) 15 July 1948
Brigadier General (US) 13 February 1951
Colonel (RA) 23 March 1951
Brigadier General (RA) 11 April 1955
Major General (RA) 14 April 1955
Lieutenant General (RA) 8 September 1959
Organizations
8th Infantry Regiment
34th Infantry Regiment
Civilian Conservation Corps
57th Infantry Regiment
25th Infantry Regiment
501st Parachute Infantry Battalion
503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment
506th Parachute Infantry Regiment
7th Infantry Division
11th Airborne Division
7th Armored Division
44th Infantry Division
Joint Airborne Troop Board
Military Assistance Advisory Group, Brazil
XVIII Airborne Corps
Strategic Army Corps
Legacy
The post library at Fort Campbell, Ky is named for LtG Robert F. Sink.
Robert Sink was portrayed in the HBO/BBC miniseries Band of Brothers by Vietnam veteran Captain Dale Dye (also the military advisor on the series).
The character of "Colonel Robert Stout" in the film A Bridge Too Far (1977), played by Elliott Gould, is also based on Sink.
Robert Sink was also portrayed in the video game Brothers in Arms: Hell's Highway, also played by Dale Dye.
photo from LTC Trevor J. Bredenkamp
(A Co, 1st BN, Commander and Unit Historian, ROK, 1998-1999)
COL Robert F. Sink at REGT HQ, Camp Mackall, NC, 1943. This photo and COL Sink's letter to the men of the 506th PIR can be
found on page 3 of the March 1943 issue of the Para-Dice Magazine.
photos from Ronald Stassen, webmaster of WWII Paratrooper Webbase
2007 photos of the house where COL Sink stayed while he was in Angoville au Plain.
photos from the 101st Airborne Division 1957 Yearbook
May 8, 1945: Colonel Sink (center) accepts the surrender of the German LXXXII
Corps from the Commanding General, LTG Theodor Tolsdorff (R of center)
May 1945
(L-R): unidentified 506th PIR captain; MG Maxwell D. Taylor (CO, 101st Airborne Division);
COL Robert F. Sink; unidentified German prisoner; three US Army generals: Edward Hale
Brooks (CO, 2nd Armored Division); Omar N. Bradley (CO, 12th Army Group); and George S.
Patton, Jr. (CO, Third Army)
Could this be a photo of "German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring . . . who motored into
Berchtesgaden and surrendered to Major General Maxwell D. Taylor . . . of the 101st
Airborne Division, 7th US Army, May 13, 1945"?
photo from LTC Trevor J. Bredenkamp
(A Co, 1st BN, Commander and Unit Historian, ROK, 1998-1999)
Handwritten on photo:
To: Mat --
The old reunion jump people
of plane 1 - in Holland and
Normandie - made in France 21 Sept 45 --
Best wishes -- R F Sink
Col
"Mat" is MAJ Salve H. Matheson (506th PIR Regimental S3)
(L-R): COL Robert F. Sink (Assistant Division Commander of the 101st Airborne
Division at the time of this reunion jump in Joigny, France)
MAJ Salve H. Matheson (506th PIR Regimental S3)
LT Bruno E. Schroeder (Intelligence SGT in Normandy)
PVT Oscar S. "Skip" Simpson
name unknown (SGT, REGT Medical Detachment; later, OPS SGT)
CPL Charles N. Ackers
Angelo F.Kalogerakos
PFCPaul F. Van Pelt (COL Sink's Orderly)
SGT Harold Anderson (S4 Secretary).
WWII - European Theater of Operations/Rhineland Campaign (1944-45)/Siege of Bastogne
From Month/Year
December / 1944
To Month/Year
January / 1945
Description The Siege of Bastogne was an engagement in December 1944 between American and German forces at the Belgian town of Bastogne, as part of the larger Battle of the Bulge. The goal of the German offensive was the harbour at Antwerp. In order to reach it before the Allies could regroup and bring their superior air power to bear, German mechanized forces had to seize the roadways through eastern Belgium. Because all seven main roads in the Ardennes mountain range converged on the small town of Bastogne, control of its crossroads was vital to the German attack. The siege lasted from December 20–27 when the besieged American forces were relieved by elements of General George Patton's Third Army.
Initial combat at Noville[edit]
On 19–20 December, the 1st Battalion of the 506th PIR was ordered to support Team Desobry (Maj. William R. Desobry), a battalion-sized tank-infantry task force of the 10th Armored Division assigned to defend Noville[7] located north-northeast of both Foy and of Bastogne just 4.36 mi (7.02 km) away. With just four M18 tank destroyers of the 705th Tank Destroyer Battalion to assist, the paratroopers attacked units of the 2. Panzerdivision, whose mission was to proceed by secondary roads via Monaville (just northwest of Bastogne) to seize a key highway and capture, among other objectives, fuel dumps — for the lack of which the overall German counter-offensive faltered and failed. Worried about the threat to its left flank in Bastogne, it organized a major combined arms attack to seize Noville. Team Desobry's high speed highway journey to reach the blocking position is one of the few documented cases wherein the legendary top speed of the M18 Hellcat (55 mph (89 km/h)) was actually used to get ahead of an enemy force as envisioned by its specifications.
The attack of 1st Battalion and the M18 Hellcat tank destroyers of the 705th TD Battalion together destroyed at least 30 German tanks and inflicted 500-1,000 casualties on the attacking forces in what amounted to a spoiling attack.[citation needed] A Military Channel expert historian[who?] credited the M18 tank destroyers with 24 kills, including several Tiger tanks, and believes that, in part, their ability to "shoot and scoot" at high speed and then reappear elsewhere on the battlefield and therefore appear to be another vehicle entirely played a large part in confusing and slowing the German attack, which subsequently stalled, leaving the Americans in possession of the town overnight. The 3rd Battalion was ordered forward from a reserve position north of Bastogne to ease the pressure on 1st Battalion by occupying a supporting position in Foy to the south.
The heavy losses inflicted by the tank-destroyers induced the German commander into believing the village was being held by a much stronger force[7] and he recoiled from further attacks on the village, committing a strategic error while seeking tactical advantage — significantly delaying the German advance and setting the stage for the Siege of Bastogne just to the south. This delay also gave the 101st Airborne Division enough time to organize defenses around Bastogne. After two days, the 2nd Panzer Division finally continued on its original mission to the Meuse River. As a consequence of its involvement at Bastogne, and its failure to dislodge the airborne forces, the column ultimately ran out of fuel at Celles, where it was destroyed by the U.S. 2nd Armored Division and the British 29th Armoured Brigade.
By the time the 1st Battalion pulled out of Noville on the 20th, the village of Foy half-way to Bastogne center had been captured from the 3rd Battalion by a separate attack, forcing the 1st Battalion to then fight its way through Foy. By the time 1st Battalion made it to the safety of American lines, it had lost 13 officers and 199 enlisted men, out of about 600 troops, and was assigned as the division reserve. Team Desobry lost a quarter of its troops and was reduced to just four medium tanks when it passed through the lines of 3rd Battalion.
Battle
19–23 December 1944
The 101st Airborne formed an all-round perimeter using the 502nd PIR on the northwest shoulder to block the 26th Volksgrenadier, the 506th PIR to block entry from Noville, the 501st PIR defending the eastern approach, and the 327th GIR scattered from Marvie in the southeast to Champs in the west along the southern perimeter, augmented by engineer and artillery units plugging gaps in the line. The division service area to the west of Bastogne had been raided the first night, causing the loss of almost its entire medical company, and numerous service troops were used as infantry to reinforce the thin lines. CCB of the 10th Armored Division, severely weakened by losses to its Team Desobry (Maj. William R. Desobry), Team Cherry (Lt. Col. Henry T. Cherry), and Team O'Hara (Lt. Col. James O'Hara) in delaying the Germans, formed a mobile "fire brigade" of 40 light and medium tanks (including survivors of CCR 9th Armored Division and eight replacement tanks found unassigned in Bastogne).
Three artillery battalions were commandeered and formed a temporary artillery group. Each had twelve 155 mm (6.1 in) howitzers, providing the division with heavy firepower in all directions restricted only by its limited ammunition supply. Col. Roberts, commanding CCB, also rounded up 600+ stragglers from the rout of VIII Corps and formed Team SNAFU as a further stopgap force.
As a result of the powerful American defense to the north and east, XLVII Panzer Corps commander Gen. von Lüttwitz decided to encircle Bastogne and strike from the south and southwest, beginning the night of 20/21 December. German panzer reconnaissance units had initial success, nearly overrunning the American artillery positions southwest of Bastogne before being stopped by a makeshift force. All seven highways leading to Bastogne were cut by German forces by noon of 21 December, and by nightfall the conglomeration of airborne and armored infantry forces were recognized by both sides as being surrounded.
The American soldiers were outnumbered approximately 5-1 and were lacking in cold-weather gear, ammunition, food, medical supplies, and senior leadership (as many senior officers, including the 101st's commander—Major General Maxwell Taylor—were elsewhere). Due to the worst winter weather in memory, the surrounded U.S. forces could not be resupplied by air nor was tactical air support available due to cloudy weather.
However, the two panzer divisions of the XLVII Panzer Corps—after using their mobility to isolate Bastogne, continued their mission towards the Meuse on 22 December, rather than attacking Bastogne with a single large force. They left just one regiment behind to assist the 26th Volksgrenadier Division in capturing the crossroads. The XLVII Panzer Corps probed different points of the southern and western defensive perimeter in echelon, where Bastogne was defended by just a single airborne regiment and support units doubling as infantry. This played into the American advantage of interior lines of communication; the defenders were able to shift artillery fire and move their limited ad hoc armored forces to meet each successive assault.
The 26th VG received one panzergrenadier regiment from the 15th Panzergrenadier Division on Christmas Eve for its main assault the next day. Because it lacked sufficient troops and those of the 26th VG Division were near exhaustion, the XLVII Panzer Corps concentrated its assault on several individual locations on the west side of perimeter in sequence rather than launching one simultaneous attack on all sides. The assault—led by 18 tanks carrying a battalion of infantry—pierced the lines of the 327th's 3rd Battalion (officially, the 1st Battalion, 401st Glider Infantry), and advanced as far as the battalion command post at Hemroulle.
However, the 327th held its original positions and repulsed infantry assaults that followed, capturing 92 Germans. The panzers that had achieved the penetration divided into two columns, one trying to reach Champs from the rear, and were destroyed in detail by two companies of the 1st Battalion 502nd PIR under Lt. Col. Patrick F. Cassidy and four tank destroyers of the 705th Tank Destroyer Battalion.
Allied control of Bastogne was a major obstacle to the German armored advance, and the morale of Allied forces elsewhere on the Western Front was boosted by news of the stubborn defense of the besieged town.