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Contact Info
Home Town Uniontown
Last Address Washington, DC
Date of Passing Oct 16, 1959
Location of Interment Arlington National Cemetery (VLM) - Arlington, Virginia
George C. Marshall was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, on 31 December 1880. He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1901; the next year, he married Elizabeth Carter Cole.
Marshall was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1902 and served with the 30th Infantry in the Philippines for the next two years. In 1907, he was promoted to first lieutenant and graduated from the Infantry and Cavalry School. He was a student, and then taught at, the Staff College from 1908 to 1910.
From 1913 to 1916, Marshall was assigned to the 4th Infantry at Forts Logan H. Roots and Crocket; he then served a tour with the 13th Infantry in the Philippines. In 1917, he was promoted to captain, and then to temporary major. In 1918, he was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel and temporary colonel.
During the First World War, he served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France as an operations officer of the 1st Division and the First Army. Later he was assigned as the chief of staff of the VIII Corps. Marshall participated in the Cantigny, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne operations. He also served as an aide to General John J. Pershing after the war.
In 1920, Marshall was made a permanent major; in 1923, he became a permanent lieutenant colonel. From 1924 to 1927, he led the 15th Infantry in China, and then was an instructor at the Army War College. He then served as assistant commandant of the Infantry School until 1932. In 1930, he married Katherine Boyce Tupper Brown. Promoted to full colonel in 1933, Marshall commanded the 8th Infantry until being reassigned as the senior instructor of the Illinois National Guard from 1933 to 1936. In 1936, Marshall was made a brigadier general and led the 5th Infantry Brigade. In 1938, he became the head of the War Plans Division, General Staff.
From 1938 to 1939, Marshall was the deputy chief of staff of the Army. In 1939, he became the acting Chief of Staff. In September, 1939, Marshall was promoted to major general, and full general. He served as the Army Chief of Staff from 1 September 1939 to 18 November 1945. As Chief of Staff, he centralized the professional leadership of the Army in the Chief of Staff’s office, urged pre-war mobilization, coordinated wartime industrial conversion, streamlined administration, oversaw grand strategy once the U.S. entered the Second World War and was the principal American architect of Allied victory. In 1944, he was made a temporary General of the Army, a rank made permanent in 1946.
After the war, Marshall served as President Harry S Truman’s personal representative to China, until 1947.
He retired from active service and became the Secretary of State until 1949. In 1948, at the commencement speech at Harvard, he urged a program of European economic recovery, which became known as the Marshall Plan. In 1949, Marshall was recalled to the active list and was the president of the American Red Cross from 1949 to 1950.
Marshall then served as the Secretary of Defense until 1951. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for the Marshall Plan. Marshall headed the American Battle Monuments Commission from 1949 to 1959. He died in Washington, D.C., on 16 October 1959.
Description The Philippine–American War (Spanish: Guerra Filipino-Estadounidense, Filipino: Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano) (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic (Spanish: República Filipina) and the United States.
The conflict arose when First Philippine Republic objected to the terms of the Treaty of Paris under which the United States took possession of the Philippines from Spain ending the Spanish–American War. The war was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence that began in 1896 with the Philippine Revolution.
Fighting erupted between United States and the Philippine Republic forces on February 4, 1899, and quickly escalated into the 1899 Second Battle of Manila. On June 2, 1899, the First Philippine Republic officially declared war against the United States. The war officially ended on July 2, 1902, with a victory for the United States. However, some Philippine groups led by veterans of the Katipunan continued to battle the American forces. Among those leaders was General Macario Sacay, a veteran Katipunan member who assumed the presidency of the proclaimed "Tagalog Republic", formed in 1902 after the capture of President Emilio Aguinaldo. Other groups, including the Moro people and Pulahanes people, continued hostilities in remote areas and islands until their final defeat a decade later at the Battle of Bud Bagsak on June 15, 1913.
The war and occupation by the U.S. would change the cultural landscape of the islands, as people dealt with an estimated 34,000 to 220,000 Philippine casualties (with more civilians dying from disease and hunger brought about by war), disestablishment of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines (as a "state Church" – as previously in Spain), and the introduction of the English language in the islands as the primary language of government, education, business, industrial and increasingly in future decades among families and educated individuals.
Under the 1902 "Philippine Organic Act", passed by the United States Congress, Filipinos were initially given very limited self-government, including the right to vote for some elected officials such as an elected Philippine Assembly, but it was not until 14 years later with the 1916 Philippine Autonomy Act, (or "Jones Act") passed by the United States Congress, during the administration of Democratic 28th President, Woodrow Wilson, that the U.S. officially promised eventual independence, along with more Philippine control in the meantime over the Philippines. The 1934 Philippine Independence Act created in the following year the Commonwealth of the Philippines, a limited form of independence, and established a process ending in Philippine independence (originally scheduled for 1944, but interrupted and delayed by World War II). Finally in 1946, following World War II and the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines, the United States granted independence through the Treaty of Manila concluded between the two governments and nations.