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COL Samuel Russell
to remember
Garlington, Ernest Albert (MOH), BG USA(Ret).
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Contact Info
Home Town Newberry
Date of Passing Oct 16, 1934
Location of Interment Arlington National Cemetery (VLM) - Arlington, Virginia
GEN. GARLINGTON, 81, DIES; FOUGHT SIOUX
Won Congressional Medal of Honor for Gallantry at Wounded Knee Creek.
Arm Hurt Permanently
Brigadier an Inspector General From 1906 to 1917 When He Was Retired.
SAN DIEGO, Calif., Oct. 17 (AP).--Brig. Gen. Ernest A. Garlington, holder of the Congressional Medal of Honor, died here yesterday in his eighty-second year.
Upon graduating from West Point in the Spring of 1876 General Garlington was assigned to Custer's Seventh Cavalry. Then days later, while he was preparing to go West, General Custer and two squadrons of his command were eliminated by the Indians at the battle of the Little Big Horn. He was appointed a first lieutenant and joined the shattered remnant of the regiment on Aug. 1, 1876.
The Medal of Honor was awarded to the general for "distinguished gallantry in action against the hostile Sioux Indians on Wounded Knee Creek, S. D., on Dec. 29, 1890, where he was severely wounded while serving as first lieutenant, Seventh Cavalry." In the battle Garlington had drawn his revolver, rallied his men and was directing a return fire, steadying his force by his example of cool commands. A rifle ball tore through his right arm, smashing forearm and elbow and the lower part of the upper arm. He fell, bleeding badly, but remained conscious. From the ground he continued to direct his men. The arm retained a permanent stiffness from the wound.
Garlington remained with the Seventh Cavalry until transferred to the Inspector General's Department as a major in January, 1895. He was Inspector General of the cavalry division in Cuba in the war with Spain, and served throughout the campaign in Cuba. Raised to a colonelcy in 1901, he was appointed Inspector General in October, 1906, with the rank of brigadier general, and held the post until his retirement on account of age in February, 1917, two months before the United States entered the World War.
General Garlington is also remembered for the ill-fated expedition he led in an unsuccessful attempt to relieve the Greely Arctic exploration party in 1883. He had volunteered for the assignment. An ice pack smashed the Proteus, the relief ship, which was abandoned, and other misfortunes followed. A court of inquiry exonerated General Garlington.
Other Comments:
Colonel James W. Forsyth wrote of Garlington's actions at Wounded Knee in support of a recommendation for the Medal of Honor:
"A line of sentinels were thrown around the Indian village, behind which ran a deep ravine. Capt. Garlington was in command of a small portion of this line, and in order to prevent escape into the high grass up this ravine leading into the foothills he ordered his party, in case the Indians made a break, to immediately gather 'behind the cut banks of a road crossing the ravine and to hold it at all hazards.
"As was anticipated, the Indians, upon the opening of the fight, rushed for the ravine, but Capt. Garlington with his party, having seized the road crossing, held it so well that not an Indian escaped in that direction without having to leave the ravine and thereby expose himself to a galling fire from other troops. As a consequence only a very few did escape.
There was gathered with him there one officer, four noncommissioned officers, and five privates, but the shelter behind the banks of the road was of such a character that only about four men at a time could avail themselves of it and fire, whilst every time they fired they were partially exposed. However, Capt. Garlington promptly took his place among the fighting men and kneeling in plain view of Indians who, not 30 yards away, were pouring a galling fire into his little party, he continued the fight against overwhelming odds and held the ravine.
"Of the 11 men composing his party, 3 were killed and 3 wounded, but he held his position, emptied a Winchester rifle (private property with which he had armed himself before the fight) and then, taking the carbine of a private, he continued shooting (while the private supplied him with cartridges from behind) until he himself was knocked over by a bullet. He was finally led away, very weak from loss of blood. Sergt. Adam Neder, Troop A, Seventh Cavalry, who, in this same list with Lieut. Hawthorne, is granted a medal of honor, was a member of this party and was kneeling shoulder to shoulder with Capt. Garlington at the time he (Neder) was wounded."
Wounded Knee Massacre
From Month/Year
December / 1890
To Month/Year
December / 1890
Description The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
The previous day, a detachment of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment commanded by Major Samuel M. Whitside intercepted Spotted Elk's band of Miniconjou Lakota and 38 Hunkpapa Lakota near Porcupine Butte and escorted them 5 miles (8.0 km) westward to Wounded Knee Creek, where they made camp. The remainder of the 7th Cavalry Regiment, led by Colonel James W. Forsyth, arrived and surrounded the encampment. The regiment was supported by a battery of four Hotchkiss mountain guns.
On the morning of December 29, the troops went into the camp to disarm the Lakota. One version of events claims that during the process of disarming the Lakota, a deaf tribesman named Black Coyote was reluctant to give up his rifle, claiming he had paid a lot for it. A scuffle over the rifle ensued, causing several Lakota to draw their weapons and open fire on the cavalry regiment. The situation quickly devolved as both sides began firing indiscriminately. By the time the battle was over, more than 150 men, women, and children of the Lakota had been killed and 51 were wounded (4 men and 47 women and children, some of whom died later); some estimates placed the number of dead at 300. Twenty-five soldiers also died, and 39 were wounded (6 of the wounded later died). At least twenty soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor. In 2001, the National Congress of American Indians passed two resolutions condemning the awards and called on the U.S. government to rescind them. The site of the battlefield has been designated a National Historic Landmark. In 1990, both houses of the U.S. Congress passed a resolution formally expressing "deep regret" for the massacre.
"A line of sentinels were thrown around the Indian village, behind which ran a deep ravine. Capt. Garlington was in command of a small portion of this line, and in order to prevent escape into the high grass up this ravine leading into the foothills he ordered his party, in case the Indians made a break, to immediately gather 'behind the cut banks of a road crossing the ravine and to hold it at all hazards.