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Allen, Frank Albert, Jr., MG.
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Contact Info
Home Town Cleveland
Date of Passing Nov 20, 1979
Official Badges
Unofficial Badges
Additional Information
Last Known Activity:
BG Frank Albert Allen, Jr.
(1896 - 1979)
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, on June 19, 1896. Attended Kenyon College 1914 - 1917. Commissioned in the Infantry Reserve in August 1917.
With the 77th Field Artillery in France during World War I, participating in the Aisne-Marne, St. Michael and Meuse-Argonne offensives.
Professor of military science and tactics at Norwich University 1921 - 1923. Aide to Major General Dennis E. Nolan April 1926 - July 1933.
Graduated from Command and General Staff School in 1936 and the Army War College in 1940. Battalion and regimental commander in 5th Armored Division October 1941 - August 1942. Commander of Combat Command "A" in 9th Armored Division August 1942 - June 1943.
Brigadier General in September 1942. Commander of Combat Command "B" in North Africa June 1943-July 1944. Chief of Public Relations at General Eisenhower's headquarters September 1944 - July 1945. Commanding General of 3rd Armored Division July 1945 - November 1945.
Retired in November 1956.
Decorations included the Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, three Silver Stars, the Distinguished Flying Cross, two Bronze Stars and two purple Hearts. Died on November 20, 1979.
Other Comments:
ALLEN, FRANK A JR MG United States Army DATE OF BIRTH: 06/19/1896 DATE OF DEATH: 11/20/1979 BURIED AT: SECTION 4 SITE 71-3 ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY
WWII - European Theater of Operations/Ardennes Alsace Campaign (1944-45)/Battle of the Bulge
From Month/Year
December / 1944
To Month/Year
January / 1945
Description The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was a major German offensive campaign launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France and Luxembourg on the Western Front toward the end of World War II in Europe. Hitler planned the offensive with the primary goal to recapture the important harbour of Antwerp. The surprise attack caught the Allied forces completely off guard. United States forces bore the brunt of the attack and incurred the highest casualties for any operation during the war. The battle also severely depleted Germany's war-making resources.
The battle was known by different names. The Germans referred to it as Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein ("Operation Watch on the Rhine"), while the French named it the Bataille des Ardennes ("Battle of the Ardennes"). The Allies called it the Ardennes Counteroffensive. The phrase "Battle of the Bulge" was coined by contemporary press to describe the way the Allied front line bulged inward on wartime news maps and became the best known name for the battle.
The German offensive was supported by several subordinate operations known as Unternehmen Bodenplatte, Greif, and Währung. As well as stopping Allied transport over the channel to the harbor of Antwerp, Germany also hoped these operations would split the British and American Allied line in half, and then proceed to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis Powers' favor. Once that was accomplished, Hitler could fully concentrate on the eastern theatre of war.
The offensive was planned by the German forces with the utmost secrecy, minimizing radio traffic and moving troops and equipment under cover of darkness. Despite their efforts to keep it secret, the Third U.S. Army's intelligence staff predicted a major German offensive, and Ultra indicated that a "substantial and offensive" operation was expected or "in the wind", although a precise date or point of attack could not be given. Aircraft movement from the Russian Front and transport of forces by rail, both to the Ardennes, was noticed but not acted upon, according to a report later written by Peter Calvocoressi and F. L. Lucas at the codebreaking centre Bletchley Park.
Near-complete surprise was achieved by a combination of Allied overconfidence, preoccupation with Allied offensive plans, and poor aerial reconnaissance. The Germans attacked a weakly defended section of the Allied line, taking advantage of heavily overcast weather conditions, which grounded the Allies' overwhelmingly superior air forces. Fierce resistance on the northern shoulder of the offensive around Elsenborn Ridge and in the south around Bastogne blocked German access to key roads to the northwest and west that they counted on for success; columns that were supposed to advance along parallel routes found themselves on the same roads. This and terrain that favored the defenders threw the German advance behind schedule and allowed the Allies to reinforce the thinly placed troops. Improved weather conditions permitted air attacks on German forces and supply lines, which sealed the failure of the offensive. In the wake of the defeat, many experienced German units were left severely depleted of men and equipment, as survivors retreated to the defenses of the Siegfried Line.
About 610,000 American forces were involved in the battle,[2] and 89,000 were casualties, including 19,000 killed. It was the largest and bloodiest battle fought by the United States in World War II.
