Goodpaster, Andrew Jackson, GEN

General Andrew J. Goodpaster, a soldier and scholar who fought in World War II, commanded the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and came out of retirement to lead the United States Military Academy in a time of crisis, died on Monday at Walter Reed Army Medical Center here. He was 90 and a resident of Washington. The cause was prostate cancer, said his granddaughter Sarah Nesnow.
 

General Goodpaster was NATO commander from 1969 to 1974, after serving as deputy commander of American forces in Vietnam. Before beginning his Vietnam service in 1968, he was the third-ranking member of the United States delegation to the Paris negotiations with North Vietnam.
 

He retired as a four-star general after his NATO command but came out of retirement in 1977 to become superintendent of West Point and deal with the aftermath of a scandal involving cheating. General Goodpaster voluntarily gave up a star, assuming the rank of lieutenant general as superintendent. He retired again in 1981.
 

Andrew Jackson Goodpaster was born on February 12, 1915, in Granite City, Illinois. He attended McKendree College in Lebanon, Illinois, for two years before transferring to West Point, where he graduated second in his class in 1939. That year, he married Dorothy Anderson.
 

In World War II he was twice wounded while leading a combat engineer battalion in North Africa and Italy. In addition to two Purple Hearts, he was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration for valor, the Distinguished Service Cross, for making a reconnaissance under heavy fire through a minefield, and a Silver Star.
 

Returning to the United States after being wounded for the second time, he served for three years on the general staff of the War Department. Early in that assignment, he helped plan for an invasion of Japan that became unnecessary after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
 

In the late 1940's, he studied at Princeton University, earning a master's in engineering and a doctorate in international relations. In the early 1950's he was attached to the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the Pentagon, then served with Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe.
 

From 1954 to 1961, he was an adviser to President Eisenhower. He then served as assistant commander of the Third Infantry Division and, later, as commander of the Eighth Infantry Division. He held several Pentagon posts and served as commandant of the National War College before becoming deputy commander of American forces in Vietnam.
 

When he came out of retirement to become West Point's superintendent, the academy was reeling from a cheating scandal that involved 151 cadets. In his four-year tenure there, the general sought to substitute "positive leadership" for hazing and personal abuse, to bolster the academy's courses in humanities and public policy, and to ease the admission of women to the academy.
 

General Goodpaster was a senior fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Eisenhower Institute, which studies foreign and domestic policy issues.
 

He was a member of the American Security Council and a founder of the Committee on the Present Danger, groups whose central thesis was that the Soviet Union's military threat was underestimated and that the United States needed a correspondingly strong defense.
 

A West Point classmate, Lieutenant General General Edward L. Rowny, retired, said General Goodpaster was working on his memoirs until a week ago.
 

He is survived by his wife; two daughters, Susan Sullivan of Alexandria, Virginia, and Anne Batte of Salisbury, North Carolina; and seven grandchildren.
By Adam Bernstein, Courtesy of the Washington Post, Tuesday, May 17, 2005

Army Gen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, 90, the self-effacing presidential adviser and commander of NATO who was summoned from retirement to lead the scandal-tainted U.S. Military Academy at West Point, died May 16, 2005, at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. He had prostate cancer.
 

General Goodpaster spent more than four decades as a soldier and statesman, in which time he saw combat in World War II, was deputy commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam and served four presidents. Having retired as commander of NATO forces in 1974, he returned to active service three years later to become the 51st commandant of West Point, his alma mater.
 

The school had been pummeled by a cheating scandal in which 152 cadets were dismissed, and it also had admitted its first class of women to some controversy.

With his avuncular looks and measured manner, he was said to have helped rebuild the academy's reputation by his mere presence after the cheating episode. He also eased the women's transition to the school, telling staff members he would "escort them to the door with a handshake" should they fail to make the women feel welcome.

He stepped down in 1981 and three years later received the Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.

Andrew Jackson Goodpaster Jr. was born February 12, 1915, in Granite City, Illinois, where his father worked for the railroad. Hoping to pursue a career as a math teacher, he enrolled at McKendree College in Lebanon, Illinois, but he withdrew during the Depression when money was scant. To continue his education, he sought a West Point appointment and entered the Class of 1939.

During World War II, he led an engineering battalion over a minefield and under hostile fire, actions for which he received the Distinguished Service Cross, the second-highest military award for valor after the Medal of Honor. His other decorations included the Silver Star, two awards of the Legion of Merit and two awards of the Purple Heart.

After doing war planning for the general staff in Washington, he entered Princeton University, where he received a master's degree in engineering as well as a master's degree and a doctorate in international relations.

His battlefield and academic credentials -- along with a regard for anonymity -- impressed a number of ranking officials. He became special assistant to the chief of staff of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe from 1950 to 1954 and a favorite of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the NATO commander for part of that time. He assisted Eisenhower in forming political and military guidelines for the new treaty organization and was Eisenhower's liaison among such diplomats and politicians as W. Averell Harriman of the United States, Jean Monnet of France and Hugh Gaitskell of the United Kingdom.

Later, President Eisenhower asked General Goodpaster to serve as staff secretary in the White House. He became known as the president's alter ego for his ability to carry out orders in his wide-ranging national security portfolio with minimal need for instruction. His mandate included work on the so-called Solarium Conference to plan for the American role in a post-Stalin Soviet Union.

Some called him "the man with the briefcase" for his silent but essential backstage role in practically all military matters. General Goodpaster, wrote one reporter for the New York Herald Tribune, "looks like a business executive and hides his White House importance behind a quiet facade that lends itself neither to anecdotes nor stuffiness."

In later years, General Goodpaster related a rare scene of White House tensions. He told an interviewer that Eisenhower had trouble understanding why the Americans could not reduce their forces in Europe, as he had stated publicly and on which he now wanted action. The general said the matter depended on "the ability of the Europeans to fill the gap that's there, the gap we created."

Eisenhower got madder, and General Goodpaster decided he needed Secretary of State John Foster Dulles to confirm his analysis, to which the president replied, "Foster, I've lost my last friend."

On reflection, General Goodpaster added: "But I think we both knew that that was our duty, and the president knew it perfectly well. He just was sounding off, and that was part of our role in life, to let him relieve some of the pressure but to make sure that he didn't make that kind of a mistake."

He remained a key adviser through the Suez crisis, the launching of Sputnik and the 1960 Soviet downing of the U-2 spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers.

General Goodpaster advanced through a series of sensitive positions in the 1960s on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. President Lyndon B. Johnson used him as an intermediary with Eisenhower for military suggestions in the escalating Vietnam War. "President Johnson asked the question: Can we win in Vietnam and what do we have to do?" General Goodpaster told U.S. News & World Report decades later. "That question came to me."

He advocated a stronger military role to win the war and became frustrated that the political will never materialized. He served as military adviser to the six-man U.S. team involved in the Paris peace talks with the North Vietnamese in summer 1968 and spent the rest of the year as deputy to Gen. Creighton W. Abrams Jr., commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam.

From 1969 to 1974, he was NATO supreme allied commander and was said to have been greatly displeased when General Alexander M. Haig Jr., the Nixon White House chief of staff, was tapped to replace him. He retired quietly and did not show up for Haig's ceremony, a rare public snub.

In later years, General Goodpaster took special assignments from presidents and held a variety of academic and research center appointments, among them at the Eisenhower Institute in Washington, the Institute for Defense Analyses in Alexandria and St. Mary's College of Maryland. Otherwise, he allowed himself the luxury of salmon fishing in Labrador with his wife.

She had been the prize of one of his bravest military maneuvers, having courted her at a time when her father was West Point's No. 2 official and he a mere cadet.

Survivors include his wife of 65 years, Dorothy Anderson Goodpaster of Washington; two daughters, Susan Sullivan of Alexandria and Anne Batte of Salisbury, N.C.; seven grandchildren; and a great-grandson. 
 

On Monday, May 16, 2005 after a lengthy illness. He is survived by his loving wife of 65 years Dorothy A. Goodpaster. He is also survived by two daughters Susan Goodpaster Sullivan (Roger) and Anne Goodpaster Batte (Robert Bolling); grandchildren Dulaney Anne Wilson, Edward Coleman Wilson, Sarah Margaret Wilson Nesnow, Susan Andrea Wilson, Andrew John Sullivan, Barbara Anne Sullivan, Catherine Dorothy Sullivan Bloedorn and one great-grandson Michael Scott Leath, Jr.

A funeral service will be held on May 25, 1 p.m. at Fort Myer Old Post Chapel. Interment Arlington National Cemetery. In lieu of flowers contributions may be made in his name to the American Cancer Society, 124 Park St. S.E., Vienna, VA 22180.

Dorothy Dulaney Anderson Goodpaster, 90, an Army wife who was a former Grey Lady volunteer, died of congestive heart failure November 29, 2006, at her home at the Knollwood Health Services Center in Washington.

Mrs. Goodpaster, who was known as "Dossy" among her friends and family, was born in Manila, where her father, an Army major general, was stationed at the time. She grew up on Army posts across the country and attended Western High School in Washington.

Over the years as the wife of an Army officer, Mrs. Goodpaster served as a hostess, Grey Lady and Red Cross volunteer. She also was a Girl Scout leader, Sunday school teacher and past president and chairwoman of the memorial scholarship committee of the Daughters of the United States Army.

She lived several times in Europe and visited Paris, Bangkok, Moscow and Bermuda. Mrs. Goodpaster settled in Washington in the early 1980s. Her husband of 65 years, Army Gen. Andrew Jackson Goodpaster, died in 2005.
 

Survivors include two daughters, Susan Dulaney Goodpaster Sullivan of Alexandria and Anne Morgan Goodpaster Batte of Berwick, Nova Scotia; seven grandchildren; and a great-grandson.
 

Webmaster: Michael Robert Patterson

General Goodpaster returned to service in June 1977 as the 51st Superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York until he retired again in July 1981.

Military career

Goodpaster's career in the Army began with a commission to the Corps of Engineers after his graduation from West Point in 1939, second in his class of 456. After serving in Panama he returned to the U.S. in mid-1942 and, in 1943, attended a wartime course at the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

During the Second World War, he commanded the 48th Engineer Combat Battalion in North Africa and Italy. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star, and two Purple Hearts for his service in World War II.

General Goodpaster was known as a "soldier-scholar". At Princeton University he earned an M.S. in Engineering and an M.A. in 1949 and then went on to receive his Ph.D. in International Affairs, also from Princeton, in 1950.

Key assignments

• Staff Secretary and Defense Liaison Officer to President Eisenhower (1954-1961)
• Advisor to the Administrations of Presidents Johnson (1963-1969), Nixon (1969-1974), and Carter (1977-1981)
• Commander of the San Francisco District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the 8th Infantry Division in Germany (1961-1962)
• Director of the Joint Staff, Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1966-1967
• Commandant of the National War College, 1967-1968
• Deputy Commander of the U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, aka MACV (1968-1969)
• Commander-in-Chief of USEUCOM and Supreme Allied Commander of NATO Forces (1969-1974).

First retirement

After retiring in 1974, he served as senior fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and taught at The Citadel. His book, For the Common Defense was published in 1978. He was brought back to active duty as superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy (1977-1981) after a notorious cheating scandal in 1976. Although he had retired with the rank of General (four star), he served as superintendent with the rank of Lieutenant General (three star), since that billet carries that rank.

Second retirement and later years

In 1981, when Goodpaster retired for the second time, he reverted to the four-star rank.

In his later years, Goodpaster was vocal in advocating the reduction of nuclear weapons. In September 1994, he commented, “Increasingly, nuclear weapons are seen to constitute a nuisance and a danger rather than a benefit or a source of strength.”  In 1996, along with General Lee Butler and General Eugene Carroll, Goodpaster co-authored a statement for the Global Security Institute advocating the complete elimination of nuclear weapons due to their danger and lack of military utility.

Awards

• In 1961, President Dwight D. Eisenhower awarded Goodpaster the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his work in the position of Staff Secretary to the President of the United States, and as Liaison Officer of the Department of Defense to the White House, 1954-1961, “for distinguished service in a position of grave responsibility.”
• At General Goodpaster’s first retirement in 1974, President Gerald Ford awarded him the Defense Distinguished Service Medal.
• In 1984, President Ronald Reagan awarded Goodpaster the Presidential Medal of Freedom “for his contributions in the field of international affairs.”
• In 1992, he received the United States Military Academy Association of Graduates’ Distinguished Graduate Award.