Criteria The Joint Service Commendation Medal is awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense to members of the Armed Forces who, while assigned to a joint activity, distinguish themselves by outstanding ac... The Joint Service Commendation Medal is awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense to members of the Armed Forces who, while assigned to a joint activity, distinguish themselves by outstanding achievement or meritorious service, but not to an extent that would justify award of the Defense Meritorious Service Medal. MoreHide
Comments
As Chief of Network Operations at the Allied Air Component Command in Izmir, Turkey from July 2007 to Decemger 2009.
Criteria The Joint Service Commendation Medal is awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense to members of the Armed Forces who, while assigned to a joint activity, distinguish themselves by outstanding ac... The Joint Service Commendation Medal is awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense to members of the Armed Forces who, while assigned to a joint activity, distinguish themselves by outstanding achievement or meritorious service, but not to an extent that would justify award of the Defense Meritorious Service Medal. MoreHide
Comments
Awarded for service with the Nato Training Mission - Iraq.
Criteria Awarded for 30 days continuous or 60 days cumulative service under NATO command or control in Iraq or in any neighbouring country of Iraq that hosts elements of the force and provide direct support to... Awarded for 30 days continuous or 60 days cumulative service under NATO command or control in Iraq or in any neighbouring country of Iraq that hosts elements of the force and provide direct support to NTIM-I and NTM-I, starting 18 August 2004 and ending at 31 December 2011. Aircrew will accumulate one day's service for the first sortie flown of any day in the Area of Operation; additional sorties flown on the same day receive no further credit. This requirement exists for support as well as combat aircraft, support aircraft including tanker, airlift and surveillance platforms. Any person who dies or is evacuated because of injuries or medical reasons directly attributable to service is deemed to have satisfied the time criteria set above. MoreHide
Comments
Awarded for time spent with the unit in Baghdad, 2007-2008.
Description In the context of the Iraq War, the surge refers to United States President George W. Bush's 2007 increase in the number of American troops in order to provide security to Baghdad and Al Anbar ProvincIn the context of the Iraq War, the surge refers to United States President George W. Bush's 2007 increase in the number of American troops in order to provide security to Baghdad and Al Anbar Province.
The surge had been developed under the working title "The New Way Forward" and it was announced in January 2007 by Bush during a television speech. Bush ordered the deployment of more than 20,000 soldiers into Iraq, five additional brigades, and sent the majority of them into Baghdad. He also extended the tour of most of the Army troops in country and some of the Marines already in the Anbar Province area. The President described the overall objective as establishing a "...unified, democratic federal Iraq that can govern itself, defend itself, and sustain itself, and is an ally in the War on Terror." The major element of the strategy was a change in focus for the US military "to help Iraqis clear and secure neighborhoods, to help them protect the local population, and to help ensure that the Iraqi forces left behind are capable of providing the security". The President stated that the surge would then provide the time and conditions conducive to reconciliation among political and ethnic factions.
Units deployed
The five U.S. Army brigades committed to Iraq as part of the surge were
2nd Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division (Infantry): 3,447 troops. Deployed to Baghdad, January 2007
4th Brigade, 1st Infantry Division (Infantry): 3,447 troops. Deployed to Baghdad, February 2007
3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division (Heavy): 3,784 troops. Deployed to southern Baghdad Belts, March 2007
4th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division (Stryker): 3,921 troops. Deployed to Diyala province, April 2007
2nd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division (Heavy): 3,784 troops. Deployed to the southeast of Baghdad, May 2007
This brought the number of U.S. brigades in Iraq from 15 to 20. Additionally, 4,000 Marines in Al Anbar had their 7-month tour extended. These included Marines from the 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit, 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, the 2nd Battalion 4th Marines, the 1st Battalion 6th Marines and the 3rd Battalion, 4th Marines. Most of the 150,000 Army personnel had their 12-month tours extended as well. By July, 2007, the percentage of the mobilized Army deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan was almost 30%; the percentage of the mobilized Marine Corps deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan was 13.5%.[55]
Operations
The plan began with a major operation to secure Baghdad, codenamed Operation Fardh al-Qanoon (Operation Imposing Law), which was launched in February 2007. However, only in mid-June 2007, with the full deployment of the 28,000 additional U.S. troops, could major counter-insurgency efforts get fully under way. Operation Phantom Thunder was launched throughout Iraq on June 16, with a number of subordinate operations targeting insurgents in Diyala province, Anbar province and the southern Baghdad Belts. The additional surge troops also participated in Operation Phantom Strike and Operation Phantom Phoenix, named after the III "Phantom" Corps which was the major U.S. unit in Iraq throughout 2007.
Counterinsurgency strategy
Counterinsurgency strategy in Iraq changed significantly under the command of General Petraeus since the 2007 troop surge began. The newer approach attempted to win the hearts and minds of the Iraqi people through building relationships, preventing civilian casualties and compromising with and even hiring some former enemies. The new strategy was population-centric in that it focused in protecting the population rather than killing insurgents. In implementing this strategy, Petraeus used experienced gained while commanding the 101st Airborne Division in Mosul in 2003. He also explained these ideas extensively in Field Manual 3-24: Counterinsurgency, which he assisted in the writing of while serving as the Commanding General of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and the U.S. Army Combined Arms Center (CAC) located there.
Instead of seeing every Iraqi as a potential enemy, the current COIN strategy focuses on building relationships and getting cooperation from the Iraqis against Al Qaeda and minimizing the number of enemies for U.S. forces. The belief is that maintaining a long term presence of troops in a community improves security and allows for relationships and trust to develop between the locals and the U.S. military. Civilian casualties are minimized by carefully measured use of force. This means less bombing and overwhelming firepower, and more soldiers using restraint and even sometimes taking more risk in the process.
Another method of gaining cooperation is by paying locals, including former insurgents, to work as local security forces. Former Sunni insurgents have been hired by the U.S. military to stop cooperating with Al Qaeda and to start fighting against them.
To implement this strategy, troops were concentrated in the Baghdad area (at the time, Baghdad accounted for 50% of all the violence in Iraq).[64] Whereas in the past, Coalition forces isolated themselves from Iraqis by living in large forward operating bases far from population centers,[65] troops during the surge lived among the Iraqis, operating from joint security stations (JSSs) located within Baghdad itself and shared with Iraqi security forces. Coalition units were permanently assigned to a given area so that they could build long-term relationships with the local Iraqi population and security forces.
However, opponents to occupation such as US Army Col. David H. Hackworth (Ret.), asked whether he thought that British soldiers are better at nation-building than the Americans, said "They were very good at lining up local folks to do the job like operating the sewers and turning on the electricity. Far better than us -- we are heavy-handed, and in Iraq we don't understand the people and the culture. Thus we did not immediately employ locals in police and military activities to get them to build and stabilize their nation."
CNN war correspondent Michael Ware, who has reported from Iraq since before the U.S. invasion in 2003 had a similar dim view of occupation saying, "there will be very much mixed reaction in Iraq” to a long-term troop presence, but he added, “what’s the point and will it be worth it?” Mr. Ware contended that occupation could, "ferment further resentment [towards the U.S]."
Results
Security situation
Hostile and Non-Hostile Deaths.
Despite a massive security crackdown in Baghdad associated with the surge in coalition troop strength, the monthly death toll in Iraq rose 15% in March 2007. 1,869 Iraqi civilians were killed and 2,719 were wounded in March, compared to 1,646 killed and 2,701 wounded in February. In March, 165 Iraqi policemen were killed against 131 the previous month, while 44 Iraqi soldiers died compared to 29 in February. US military deaths in March were nearly double those of the Iraqi army, despite Iraqi forces leading the security crackdown in Baghdad. The death toll among insurgent militants fell to 481 in March, compared to 586 killed in February; however, the number of arrests jumped to 5,664 in March against 1,921 in February.
Three months after the start of the surge, troops controlled less than a third of the capital, far short of the initial goal, according to an internal military assessment completed in May 2007. Violence was especially chronic in mixed Shiite-Sunni neighborhoods in western Baghdad. Improvements had not yet been widespread or lasting across Baghdad.
Significant attack trends.
On September 10, 2007, David Petraeus delivered his part of the Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq. He concluded that "the military objectives of the surge are, in large measure, being met." He cited what he called recent consistent declines in security incidents, which he attributed to recent blows dealt against Al-Qaeda in Iraq during the surge. He added that "we have also disrupted Shia militia extremists, capturing the head and numerous other leaders of the Iranian-supported Special Groups, along with a senior Lebanese Hezbollah operative supporting Iran's activities in Iraq." He argued that Coalition and Iraqi operations had drastically reduced ethno-sectarian violence in the country, though he stated that the gains were not entirely even. He recommended a gradual drawdown of U.S. forces in Iraq with a goal of reaching pre-surge troop levels by July 2008 and stated that further withdraws would be "premature."
Sectarian violence.
While Petraeus credited the surge for the decrease in violence, the decrease also closely corresponded with a cease-fire order given by Iraqi political leader Muqtada al-Sadr on August 29, 2007. Al-Sadr's order, to stand down for six months, was distributed to his loyalists following the deaths of more than 50 Shia Muslim pilgrims during fighting in Karbala the day earlier.
Michael E. O'Hanlon and Jason H. Campbell of the Brookings Institution stated on December 22, 2007 that Iraq’s security environment had reached its best levels since early 2004 and credited Petraeus' strategy for the improvement. CNN stated that month that the monthly death rate for US troops in Iraq had hit its second lowest point during the entire course of the war. Military representatives attributed the successful reduction of violence and casualties directly to the troop surge. At the same time, the Iraqi Ministry of Interior reported similar reductions for civilian deaths.
Iraqi Security Force deaths.
However, on September 6, 2007, a report by an independent military commission headed by General James Jones found that the decrease in violence may have been due to areas being overrun by either Shias or Sunnis. In addition, in August 2007, the International Organization for Migration and the Iraqi Red Crescent Organization indicated that more Iraqis had fled since the troop increase.
On February 16, 2008, Iraqi Defense Minister Abdel Qader Jassim Mohammed told reporters that the surge was "working very well" and that Iraq has a "pressing" need for troops to stay to secure Iraqi borders.[76] He stated that "Results for 2007 prove that– Baghdad is good now".
In June 2008, the U.S. Department of Defense reported that "the security, political and economic trends in Iraq continue to be positive; however, they remain fragile, reversible and uneven."
U.S. troop fatalities in Iraq by month, the orange and blue months being post-troop surge.
In the month of July, 2008, US forces lost only 13 soldiers, the lowest number of casualties sustained by US troops in one month since the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Also, a report by the U.S. embassy in Baghdad, given to Congress in May 2008, and published July 1, stated that the Iraqi government had met 15 of the 18 political benchmarks set out for them.... More
People You Remember
Commander, Italian BG Pompegnani. My room mate, Navy Commander Pete Pasquale.
Memories I remember the first night we spent in Baghdad. We were in the Green Zone, in a very large circus tyI remember the first night we spent in Baghdad. We were in the Green Zone, in a very large circus type tent by the embassy palace. Cots were side by side in one big open space. That night rockets hit the green zone. As a former 4.2 and 120 mortar platoon leader, and a Company Commander with 81mm and 60mm mortars, I recognized the explosions were probably 3 Km away or so, so I noted where my kevlar and flak vest were and rolled over and went to sleep. When I woke up, the Air Force Officers that I flew in with told me they were all on the floor wearing their full battle gear. Today I don't know if they were being foolish or I was, but at the time I chalked it up to the Air Force not having much training with indirect fire. We received rocket and mortar fire regularly in the Green (International) Zone. Once, I was in my trailer speaking to Beyhan via webcam and we were hit with a large volley, 16 or 18 impacts very close. I dived under my bed and Beyhan was on the computer asking what was happening. I think that's the volley that killed the woman who worked in the laundry mat, about 75 meters from where I lived. Thank goodness for the internet. Every night I spoke with Beyhan via webcam, and even had dinner together in my room on Valentines day with her. The guards within the Green Zone were all contractors from 3rd world countries. Many came from Africa and South America. The NATO guards were Nepalese, many former Ghurkas. NATO had different rules when it came to alcohol. Americans who were assigned to the NTM-I were authorized 2 beers per event, events occurring 2 or more times a month. A very different experience from what most of my brothers-in-arms experienced. My room mate and I don't drink, but we did have a beer or two for those that couldn't.... More
Criteria The Joint Meritorious Unit Award is presented in the name of the Secretary of Defense to Joint Activities of the Department of Defense for meritorious achievement or service, superior to that which is... The Joint Meritorious Unit Award is presented in the name of the Secretary of Defense to Joint Activities of the Department of Defense for meritorious achievement or service, superior to that which is normally expected, under one of the following conditions: During action in combat with an armed enemy of the United States, For a declared national emergency or Under extraordinary circumstances that involve the national interest. MoreHide
Criteria The area of eligibility encompasses all land area of the country of Iraq and the contiguous water area out to 12 nautical miles, and all air spaces above the land area of Iraq and above the contiguous... The area of eligibility encompasses all land area of the country of Iraq and the contiguous water area out to 12 nautical miles, and all air spaces above the land area of Iraq and above the contiguous water area out to 12 nautical miles. To be eligible for the Iraq Campaign Medal, a Service member must be assigned or attahced to a unit participating in Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq for 30 consecutive days or for 60 nonconsecutive days or meet one of the following criteria: Be engaged in actual combat against the enemy under circumstances involving grave danger of death or serious bodily injury from enemy action, regardless of the amount of time the individual has served in Iraq; While participating in Operation Iraqi Freedom or on official duties (regardless of the time spent in Iraq) is killed, wounded or injured to the extent that he or she requires medical evacuation from Iraq; or, While participating as a regularly assigned aircrew member flying sorties into, out of, within, or over Iraq in direct support of Operation Iraqi Freedom; each day that one or more sorties are flown in accordance with these criteria shall count as one day towards the 30 consecutive or 60 nonconsecutive day requirement. Service members who qualified for the War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal by reason of service between March 19, 2003 and April 30, 2005 shall remain qualified for that medal. However, any such person may be awarded the Iraq Campaign Medal in lieu of the War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal for that service, at his or her request. In addition, any Army soldier who was authorized the arrowhead device may be awarded the Iraq Campaign Medal with arrowhead device in lieu of the War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal with arrowhead device. No service member shall be entitled to both the War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal and the Iraq Campaign Medal for the same act, achievement, or period of service. Only one award of the Iraq Campaign Medal may be authorized for any individual. The Iraq Campaign Medal may be awarded posthumously to any Service members who loses his or her life while, as a direct result of participating in qualifying operations, without regard to the length of time in the area of eligibility, if otherwise applicable. MoreHide
Criteria The Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to all active members of the Army, the Army National Guard, and to Army Reservists who are credited with a normal overseas tour completed since August 1, 1981 (p... The Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to all active members of the Army, the Army National Guard, and to Army Reservists who are credited with a normal overseas tour completed since August 1, 1981 (provided they have an active Army status on or after August 1, 1981). This ribbon may not be awarded for overseas service recognized by another United States service medal. MoreHide
Criteria The Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to all active members of the Army, the Army National Guard, and to Army Reservists who are credited with a normal overseas tour completed since August 1, 1981 (p... The Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to all active members of the Army, the Army National Guard, and to Army Reservists who are credited with a normal overseas tour completed since August 1, 1981 (provided they have an active Army status on or after August 1, 1981). This ribbon may not be awarded for overseas service recognized by another United States service medal. MoreHide
Criteria The Army Commendation Medal is awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who, while serving in any capacity with the Army, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement,... The Army Commendation Medal is awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who, while serving in any capacity with the Army, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or meritorious service. MoreHide
Criteria This medal is awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who have been assigned, attached, or mobilized to units operating in the area of eligibility for thirty consecutive or for six... This medal is awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who have been assigned, attached, or mobilized to units operating in the area of eligibility for thirty consecutive or for sixty non-consecutive days, or who meet the following criteria: Be engaged in combat during an armed engagement, regardless of the time in the area of elibility; Is wounded or injured in the line of duty and requires medical evacuation from the area of eligibility; While participating as a regularly assigned aircrew member flying sorties into, out of, or within the area of eligibility in direct support of military operations. Each day that one or more sorties are flown in accordance with these criteria shall count as one day toward the 30 or 60 day requirement; Personnel who serve in operations and exercises conducted in the area of eligibility are considered for the award as long as the basic time criteria are met. Due to the extensive time period for KDSM eligibility, the non-consecutive service period for eligibility remains cumulative throughout the entire period. The Area of eligibility encompasses all land area of the Republic of Korea, and the continuous water out to 12 nautical miles, and all air spaces above the land and water areas. MoreHide
Criteria The Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to all active members of the Army, the Army National Guard, and to Army Reservists who are credited with a normal overseas tour completed since August 1, 1981 (p... The Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to all active members of the Army, the Army National Guard, and to Army Reservists who are credited with a normal overseas tour completed since August 1, 1981 (provided they have an active Army status on or after August 1, 1981). This ribbon may not be awarded for overseas service recognized by another United States service medal. MoreHide
Criteria The Meritorious Service Medal may be awarded to members of the Armed Forces who distinguish themselves by outstanding noncombat achievement or by meritorious service to the United States, but not of a... The Meritorious Service Medal may be awarded to members of the Armed Forces who distinguish themselves by outstanding noncombat achievement or by meritorious service to the United States, but not of a degree that would warrant the award of the Legion of Merit. MoreHide
Criteria The Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to all active members of the Army, the Army National Guard, and to Army Reservists who are credited with a normal overseas tour completed since August 1, 1981 (p... The Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to all active members of the Army, the Army National Guard, and to Army Reservists who are credited with a normal overseas tour completed since August 1, 1981 (provided they have an active Army status on or after August 1, 1981). This ribbon may not be awarded for overseas service recognized by another United States service medal. MoreHide
Description "Operation Enduring Freedom" (OEF) is the current official name used by the U.S. government for the War in Afghanistan, together with a number of smaller military actions, under the umbrella of the Gl"Operation Enduring Freedom" (OEF) is the current official name used by the U.S. government for the War in Afghanistan, together with a number of smaller military actions, under the umbrella of the Global "War on Terror" (GWOT).
The operation was originally called "Operation Infinite Justice", but as similar phrases have been used by adherents of several religions as an exclusive description of God, it is believed to have been changed to avoid offense to Muslims, who are the majority religion in Afghanistan. U.S. President George W. Bush's remark that "this crusade, this war on terrorism, is going to take a while", which prompted widespread criticism from the Islamic world, may also have contributed to the renaming of the operation.
The Operation comprises several subordinate operations:
Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (OEF-)
Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines (OEF-P, formerly Operation Freedom Eagle)
Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA)
Operation Enduring Freedom – Pankisi Gorge (completed in 2004)
Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara (OEF-TS; see also Insurgency in the Maghreb)
Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean and Central America (OEF-CCA)
The term "OEF" typically refers to the war in Afghanistan. Other operations, such as the Georgia Train and Equip Program, are only loosely or nominally connected to OEF, such as through government funding vehicles. All the operations, however, have a focus on counterterrorism activities.
Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan, which is a joint U.S., U.K. and Afghan operation, is separate from the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which is an operation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization nations including the U.S. and U.K. The two operations run in parallel, and although it has been intended that they merge for some time, this has not yet happened.
Overview
In response to the attacks of 11 September, the early combat operations that took place on 7 October 2001 to include a mix of strikes from land-based B-1 Lancer, B-2 Spirit and B-52 Stratofortress bombers, carrier-based F-14 Tomcat and F/A-18 Hornet fighters, and Tomahawk cruise missiles launched from both U.S. and British ships and submarines signaled the start of Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (OEF-A).
The initial military objectives of OEF-A, as articulated by President George W. Bush in his 20 September Address to a Joint Session of Congress and his 7 October address to the country, included the destruction of terrorist training camps and infrastructure within Afghanistan, the capture of al-Qaeda leaders, and the cessation of terrorist activities in Afghanistan."
In January 2002, over 1,200 soldiers from the United States Special Operations Command Pacific (SOCPAC) deployed to the Philippines to support the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in their push to uproot terrorist forces on the island of Basilan. Of those groups included are Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), al-Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiyah.[8] The operation consisted of training the AFP in counter-terrorist operations as well as supporting the local people with humanitarian aid in Operation Smiles.
In October 2002, the Combined Task Force 150 and United States military Special Forces established themselves in Djibouti at Camp Lemonnier. The stated goals of the operation were to provide humanitarian aid and patrol the Horn of Africa to reduce the abilities of terrorist organizations in the region. Similar to OEF-P, the goal of humanitarian aid was emphasised, ostensibly to prevent militant organizations from being able to take hold amongst the population as well as reemerge after being removed.
The military aspect involves coalition forces searching and boarding ships entering the region for illegal cargo as well as providing training and equipment to the armed forces in the region. The humanitarian aspect involves building schools, clinics and water wells to enforce the confidence of the local people.
Since 2001, the cumulative expenditure by the U.S. government on Operation Enduring Freedom has exceeded $150 billion.
The operation continues, with military direction mostly coming from United States Central Command.... More
Chain of Command
LTC Thomas Guthrie, Battalion Commander
Other Memories
During September 11, 2001, my company was at the Air Field preparing for a LogPac at 0430. As we were leaving the gates on our way to the Kahuku Training Area the Honolulu Police Department met me with lights blazing and asked me to secure the Air Strip, allowing NO ONE to take off or land. I notified the FSB Commander and BN Commander and my company secured the Air Strip, to the chagrin of the civilians who tried to enter later.
Criteria The National Defense Service Medal is awarded for honorable active service as a member of the Armed Forces during the Korean War, Vietnam War, the war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf, and for service... The National Defense Service Medal is awarded for honorable active service as a member of the Armed Forces during the Korean War, Vietnam War, the war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf, and for service during the current War on Terrorism. In addition, all members of the National Guard and Reserve who were part of the Selected Reserve in good standing between August 2, 1990, to November 30, 1995, are eligible for the National Defense Service Medal. In the case of Navy personnel, Midshipment attending the Naval Academy during the qualifying periods are eligible for this award, and Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) Midshipmen ae only eligible if they participated in a summer cruise that was in an area which qualified for a campaign medal. MoreHide
Criteria Individuals authorized the award of this medal must have participated in or served in support of Global War on Terrorism operations on or after September 11, 2001 and to a future date to be determined... Individuals authorized the award of this medal must have participated in or served in support of Global War on Terrorism operations on or after September 11, 2001 and to a future date to be determined. MoreHide
Criteria The Army Achievement Medal may be awarded to members of the Armed Forces below the rank of colonel who, while serving in any capacity with the Army in a noncombat area, distinguish themselves by outst... The Army Achievement Medal may be awarded to members of the Armed Forces below the rank of colonel who, while serving in any capacity with the Army in a noncombat area, distinguish themselves by outstanding achievement or meritorious service, but not of a nature that would warrant the award of an Army Commendation Medal. MoreHide
Criteria The Joint Meritorious Unit Award is presented in the name of the Secretary of Defense to Joint Activities of the Department of Defense for meritorious achievement or service, superior to that which is... The Joint Meritorious Unit Award is presented in the name of the Secretary of Defense to Joint Activities of the Department of Defense for meritorious achievement or service, superior to that which is normally expected, under one of the following conditions: During action in combat with an armed enemy of the United States, For a declared national emergency or Under extraordinary circumstances that involve the national interest. MoreHide
Description Operation DESERT STRIKE - "The rapid build up and precision application of molitary power against select targets during ODS communicated to the Iraqi leadership a clear, potent reminder of the contiui... Operation DESERT STRIKE - "The rapid build up and precision application of molitary power against select targets during ODS communicated to the Iraqi leadership a clear, potent reminder of the contiuing US Commitment to regional peace and stability" 30 JAN 1997. Second award earned while with the Multi-National Forces - Iraq (NTM-I) MoreHide
Criteria The Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal is awarded to members of the Armed Forces who, after July 1, 1958, participate in specified United States operations or those in direct support of the United Natio... The Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal is awarded to members of the Armed Forces who, after July 1, 1958, participate in specified United States operations or those in direct support of the United Nations or friendly foreign nations MoreHide
Comments
For service on the Irawi border in Kuwait during Operation Desert Strike
Description The 1996 cruise missile strikes on Iraq, codenamed Operation Desert Strike, were joint United States Navy-Air Force strikes conducted on 3 September against air defense targets in southern Iraq, in reThe 1996 cruise missile strikes on Iraq, codenamed Operation Desert Strike, were joint United States Navy-Air Force strikes conducted on 3 September against air defense targets in southern Iraq, in response to an Iraqi offensive in the Kurdish Civil War.
The cruise missile strikes was initially planned to be by aircraft launched from the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70), including aircraft from Fighter Squadron 11 (VF-11) and Fighter Squadron 31 (VF-31), both operating F-14D Tomcats, Electronic Attack Squadron 139 (VAQ-139), operating EA-6B Prowlers, Attack Squadron 196 (VA-196), operating A-6E Intruders equipped with the Target Recognition and Attack Multi-Sensor (TRAM) system, Anti-Submarine Squadron 35 (VS-35) flying S-3B Vikings and Strike Fighter Squadron 113 (VFA-113) and Strike Fighter Squadron 25 (VFA-25), both operating F/A-18 Hornets. However, the strike instead was launched by U.S. Navy surface warships and U.S. Air Force bombers.
On 3 September 1996, a joint operation by the U.S. Navy's Carl Vinson Carrier Battle Group and U.S. Air Force, a combined strike team consisting of the guided-missile cruiser USS Shiloh (CG-67), the guided-missile destroyer USS Laboon (DDG-58), and B-52 Stratofortress bombers escorted by F-14D Tomcat fighters from Carl Vinson, with the nuclear-powered guided-missile cruiser USS California (CGN-36) serving as Air Warfare Commander, launched 27 cruise missiles against Iraqi air defense targets in southern Iraq. A second wave of 17 missiles was launched later that day from the destroyers USS Russell (DDG-59), USS Hewitt (DD-966), USS Laboon (DDG-58), and the nuclear-powered attack submarine USS Jefferson City (SSN-759). The missiles hit targets in and around Kut, Iskandariyah, Nasiriyah, and Tallil.... More
People You Remember Brigade Commander COL Eric T Olsen Battalion Commander LTC Chris Ellis Company Commander CPT Sean JenkBrigade Commander COL Eric T Olsen Battalion Commander LTC Chris Ellis Company Commander CPT Sean Jenkins My Buddies, 2LT Joaquin Croslin, Infantry Platoon Leader, 2LT Art Yarbrough, Medical Platoon Leader, and 1LT Rex Boone, Scout Platoon Leader.... More
Memories This began as a four-month exercise, I think it was called Intrinsic Action. We flew to Kuwait on cThis began as a four-month exercise, I think it was called Intrinsic Action. We flew to Kuwait on chartered 747s, stopping in Paris, France for 4 hours enroute. We stopped on the runway to refuel, and the door of the airplane was opened, but we were not allowed off of the plane. I remember the smokers were pleading for a chance to go on to the runway.
The plane was a comfortable 77-78 degrees. When they opened the door in Kuwait, we felt as if someone opened a furnace door as we were blasted with the heat of the desert. It was well over 100 degrees. We made for busses and asked the driver to turn on the AC, and he replied that the AC was on and working, set for 90 degrees!!!
We made our way to the desert, and built up camps near the Udari Range. On the way we passed a vehicle graveyard of Iraqi tanks, trucks and assorted vehicles that were destroyed during the Gulf War. We couldn't stop at the time, although I had a chance later to go look at the vehicles. Some of the vehicles had personal items from Iraqi soldiers in them. One of my Soldiers brought me an Iraqi gas mask and several found Iraqi helmets. I don't know what happened to those items.
Very quickly we had bull dozers building up dirt walls around our encampment. We went as a Battalion Combat Team initially, with two Tank Companies and two Mechanized Infantry Companies. Each Company had their own "kabal", with a kabal for the Battalion Headquarters, and another for the Medical folks and one for the Specialty Platoons.
I was the Commander for the Specialty Platoon kabal. I was the Mortar Platoon Leader, we had the Anti-Tank Platoon, an attached MP Platoon, and a fourth platoon.
We were given plywood to improve our living conditions. We put floors down in the platoon tents. We also had a semi-professional carpenter who built us a pretty good gym and a sandbag filling machine. He left the Army shortly after and became a full time carpenter.
We filled thousands of sandbags. The temperature reached 140 degrees for more than 40 days. At breakfast we would get apples and loafs of bread with our meal. The bread was ALWAYS toasted by the time we received it, and by afternoon the apples were baked.
We had orders to stay out of the sun from 1000 - 1500. It was too hot to nap, so we played a LOT of spades. We woke up at 0300 for PT. In the moonlight we could see the huge Black armored scorpions walking through the formation.
There were many smaller, almost translucent scorpions too. They were everywhere. One crawled up the side of the tent and fell onto one of my soldiers, stinging him on the finger as he flailed around trying to get it off.
We were able to fire without much oversight for training on the range. Our platoon fired over 900 rounds, which is significant since the standard for our size mortars at the time was about 300 rounds a year.
There were rusted hulks of tanks and vehicles on the range left over from the Gulf War and we would drive around the range and stop and shoot at them. Once, just as a round exploded, some vehicles drove past the explosion from on the range itself. Apparently hunters would drive around the range.
One day a couple of Arabs came to our kabal and asked to see me. They claimed our mortars killed 4 of their camels, using gestures to communicate. One of my men gave them cigarettes and said we were even. They were camel cigarettes. I called the Battalion Commander and he asked me to wait, and that they were sending someone to del with this situation. In the desert we could see every mortar round hit, and we were never near any camels, so I wasn't worried. I gave them some MREs and water, which they accepted quickly but didn't eat. AFTER I gave them the MREs, I realized there was pork in those packages I gave them. I tried everything to get the MREs back, but we had no Arabic speakers with us, and they spoke no English. I gave up eventually, and they left before anyone came, so I don't know if they wound up eating the pork or not.
We did see some packs of camels, but not near the range. These camels stunk, their tails caked with dung. Camels are foul, ugly creatures with bad temperament, if they weren't so handy in the desert I don't think anyone would keep them around.
Another time, Air Force A-10s were training in the same area of the range we were using. I arranged some joint training with the AF Observers, with the Tank Killers hitting the targets just after our rounds. Great Training.
At some point the deployment became operational. The Iraqi dictator shot some missiles at our patrolling planes, and we (The United States) began returning our own missile fire. At that point the rest of the Brigade (3rd Brigade 1st Cavalry Division) joined our Battalion and all of our resources were controlled by Brigade HQ and we were given 1/3 of what we had before in terms of support.
While the Brigade was there we set up a 9mm pistol range and M16 range. We put targets up and laid down sand bags. At one point Soldiers left their rifles and began running from the range. A Cobra had stood its head up and flattened it from behind some sand bags, hissing at the Soldier. A Scout Platoon Staff Sergeant took his 9mm and shot the snake, using 9 rounds before he hit it.
The flies in the Kuwait desert are numerous, and they flew around us ALL the time. We learned to eat while simultaneously swat the flies. We sent video tapes back, and the families all remarked that we were all flailing our hands and arms around as we spoke. At that point we didn't even notice.
The Secretary of the Army at the time, Mr. Togo West, came to visit our Battalion Combat Team. He came to the range to watch us train our Mortars. At the time I truly believed we were the BEST trained Mortar Platoon in the Army. As Togo West watched, we shot at and hit an old armored vehicle 1500 meters away. Togo West presented me with a coin that I still have today.
At one point, just before or just as the Brigade was joining us, our Battalion went on maneuvers. We lined up in a huge formation along the Iraqi border, which was delineated by the large sign posts stating that the UN was responsible for patrolling the area. Several times we charged at the border, and then at one point we crossed into Iraq. More accurately, probably, is that we charged several kilometers into the 10 km wide border area. Later that evening the Battalion Commander remarked that he received a phone call from somewhere high up, that we were watched by satellites, and we will not be doing such a thing again. LTC Ellis retired after giving up command when we returned.
We arrived in the Kuwaiti desert in July, I think, or August. It was VERY hot then, but one night in October the evening was so cold I couldn't sleep. I was stuffed in a sleeping bag, with a poncho liner blanket and field jacket and it was too cold to sleep. The S2 told us that night the temperature dropped from 140 degrees to 90. If you would have asked me that night, I would have told you it was 10 at the most.
After the Brigade arrived we were given a couple of days rest back at Camp Doha. It was at that time that I realized how hot it had become and how much I had acclimated. There were air-conditioned buildings that were cooled to 90 degrees, and it felt great! They were spoiled by our standards at Camp Doha.
At the Kabal we had "piss tubes" that the engineers placed into the sand and rocks, and open portajohns with 50 gallon barrels under them, cut in half. We had to burn these everyday. We didn't have showers for the first few weeks, but then we had these outdoor showers that some water tanker would fill with water everyday.
Camp Doha had A/C, a burger joint, showers with hot/cold running water, a PX, a chow hall. It was an oasis. There was some palace there with a swimming pool, but that was off limits to the infantry. Our time there was very short, though. Art had a friend stationed there, who took us out in town. We were able to go up the Kuwaiti Towers and shop at the Gold Markets. We had a VERY nice buffet lunch, top quality, at the hotel that Art's friend was staying at.
On our very last night at the kabal we tore up the wood floors and had a great bonfire in our kabal. The Battalion S3 called us on the radio and chewed my butt because apparently there was another unit coming in and they were going to use the material. Under the flooring we found many many mouse nests. The mice had stolen small items and documents and lined their nests with them.
When we arrived back at Fort Hood, TX, the Division Commander, the division band was playing MG Leon LaPort met us at the plane and shook the hand of each one of us as we stepped off the plane, like we were heroes.
I remember that Fort Hood looked green, like a jungle to me as we returned. If you have ever been there, you know it is in the desert. Flushing toilets and drinking iced drinks felt like luxury.
We were given the Joint Meritorious Unit Commendation for Operation Desert Strike.... More
Worst Moment
On our 3rd jump a Marine somehow became entangled with another jumper. The bottom jumper worked his way up, then the Marine slipped away his chute in a cigarette roll. The other jumper grabbed at his chute, which tore. I could see the big hole and flapping silk from the ground. The Marine pulled his reserve which hit him in the face and did not open. The Marine hit the ground hard, but survived. I think 13 students decided not to continue with training after that incident, including the Marine whose spare chute failed. I almost quit, after watching the spare chute not operate. The instructors failed to tell us to turn our face away and throw the reserve in the other direction. We learned that lesson before the 4th jump.
Other Memories
One second Lieutenant I went to the Infantry Officer Basic Course with came to formation with alcohol on his breath, and was kicked out of class.
Criteria The Army Service Ribbon is awarded to members of the Regular Army, National Guard, or Army Reserve for successful completion of initial entry training. In the case of personnel who receive a Military ... The Army Service Ribbon is awarded to members of the Regular Army, National Guard, or Army Reserve for successful completion of initial entry training. In the case of personnel who receive a Military Occupational Specialty identifier based on civilian or other-service acquired skills, the ribbon is awarded upon honorable completion of four months active service. Only one award of this ribbon is authorized, even if an individual completes both officer and enlisted initial entry training. MoreHide
Criteria The NCO Professional Development Ribbon is awarded to all enlisted members of the Army to include the Reserve Components (Army National Guard and Army Reserve), for successful completion of designated... The NCO Professional Development Ribbon is awarded to all enlisted members of the Army to include the Reserve Components (Army National Guard and Army Reserve), for successful completion of designated NCO professional development courses. MoreHide
Description
PLDC Class 15-92 from 920801 to 920815 at Region II NGB NCO Academy, in SC.
Criteria The Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal is awarded on a selective basis to enlisted members in the Regular Marine Corps or Marine Corps Reserve to recognize good behavior and faithful service in the U.S. ... The Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal is awarded on a selective basis to enlisted members in the Regular Marine Corps or Marine Corps Reserve to recognize good behavior and faithful service in the U.S. Marine Corps while on active duty for a specified period of time. MoreHide
Criteria The National Defense Service Medal is awarded for honorable active service as a member of the Armed Forces during the Korean War, Vietnam War, the war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf, and for service... The National Defense Service Medal is awarded for honorable active service as a member of the Armed Forces during the Korean War, Vietnam War, the war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf, and for service during the current War on Terrorism. In addition, all members of the National Guard and Reserve who were part of the Selected Reserve in good standing between August 2, 1990, to November 30, 1995, are eligible for the National Defense Service Medal. In the case of Navy personnel, Midshipment attending the Naval Academy during the qualifying periods are eligible for this award, and Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) Midshipmen ae only eligible if they participated in a summer cruise that was in an area which qualified for a campaign medal. MoreHide
Criteria The Navy and Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to officers and enlisted personnel of the Navy, Naval Reserve, Marine Corps, and Marine Corps Reserve for 12 months consecutive or accumula... The Navy and Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon is awarded to officers and enlisted personnel of the Navy, Naval Reserve, Marine Corps, and Marine Corps Reserve for 12 months consecutive or accumulated duty at overseas shore-based duty stations. Each Service has distinct criteria that delineates eligibility; Navy personnel assigned to Marine Corps units follow Marine Corps policy, and vice-versa. MoreHide
Comments
Chief of the MARS station at MCAS iwakuni. Normally a year tour, all tours were extended for 6 months due to the Gulf War.
Criteria The Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal is awarded on a selective basis to enlisted members in the Regular Marine Corps or Marine Corps Reserve to recognize good behavior and faithful service in the U.S. ... The Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal is awarded on a selective basis to enlisted members in the Regular Marine Corps or Marine Corps Reserve to recognize good behavior and faithful service in the U.S. Marine Corps while on active duty for a specified period of time. MoreHide
Criteria The Meritorious Unit Commendation may be awarded by the Secretary of the Navy to any unit of the Navy or Marine Corps that distinguishes itself under combat or noncombat conditions by either valorous ... The Meritorious Unit Commendation may be awarded by the Secretary of the Navy to any unit of the Navy or Marine Corps that distinguishes itself under combat or noncombat conditions by either valorous or meritorious achievement which renders that unit outstanding compared to other units performing similar service, but not sufficient to justify the award of the Navy Unit Commendation. MoreHide
Description
Awarded to the 9th Communications Battalion, 1st Marine Division.
Best Friends
LT Joaquin Croslin LT Art Yarbrough LT Rex Boone
Best Moment
During Operation Desert Strike in Kuwait, while the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Hon. Togo West was watching, our mortars hit abandonded Iraqi tanks, steel on steel. We were given coins by Togo West, mine is still the prize in my collection.
Worst Moment
One year, a Company Commander in our Battalion logged 268 days in the field and submitted a memo to that fact to the Division Commander. Back in the days when we would go to the field to train for 6 weeks straight before heading to a 4 week NTC rotation. No coming in for the weekends. Our Battalion had more DUIs than any other battalion in the Corps. It was a hard time.
Chain of Command
LTC Chris Ellis, Battalion Commander
Other Memories
I spent almost my entire time as the Mortar Platoon Leader.
LTC's Chris Heath and Robert Moore
Commanding Generals BG Lynn, BG Scott