Description Popularly known as the Siege of Petersburg, it was not a classic military siege, nor was it strictly limited to actions against Petersburg. The campaign was nine months of trench warfare. Lee finally Popularly known as the Siege of Petersburg, it was not a classic military siege, nor was it strictly limited to actions against Petersburg. The campaign was nine months of trench warfare. Lee finally yielded to the overwhelming pressure, in April 186... More
Other Memories
After Jackson's death, Hill was promoted to lieutenant general and placed in command of the newly created Third Corps of Lee's army, which he led in the Gettysburg Campaign of 1863, the autumn campaign of the same year, and the Overland Campaign and Petersburg siege of 1864?65. He once said he had no desire to live to see the collapse of the Confederacy, and on April 2, 1865 (just seven days before Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House), he was killed by a Union soldier, Corporal John W. Mauck of the 138th Pennsylvania, as he rode to the front of the Petersburg lines, accompanied by a lone staff officer.
Description
Principal Cdrs: MG Meade [US]; Gen Lee [CS]; Forces Engaged: 158,300 total (US 83,289; CS 75,054); Estimated Casualties: 51,000 total (US 23,000; CS 28,000); Result(s): Union victory
Description Other Names: Nelsons Farm, Fraysers Farm, Charles City Crossroads, White Oak Swamp, New Market Road, Riddell's Shop. Principal Cdrs: MG Franklin [US]; MG Jackson [CS], Forces Engaged: Armies, EstimateOther Names: Nelsons Farm, Fraysers Farm, Charles City Crossroads, White Oak Swamp, New Market Road, Riddell's Shop. Principal Cdrs: MG Franklin [US]; MG Jackson [CS], Forces Engaged: Armies, Estimated Casualties: 500 total, Result(s): Inconclusive... More
Description Other Names: Nelsons Farm, Fraysers Farm, Charles City Crossroads, White Oak Swamp, New Market Road, Riddell's Shop. Principal Cdrs: MG Franklin [US]; MG Jackson [CS], Forces Engaged: Armies, EstimateOther Names: Nelsons Farm, Fraysers Farm, Charles City Crossroads, White Oak Swamp, New Market Road, Riddell's Shop. Principal Cdrs: MG Franklin [US]; MG Jackson [CS], Forces Engaged: Armies, Estimated Casualties: 500 total, Result(s): Inconclusive... More
Description Other Names:Sharpsburg; Principal Cdrs: MG McClellan [US]; Gen Lee [CS]; Forces Engaged: Armies; Estimated Casualties: US 12,401, or 25%; CS 10,316, or 31%; bloodiest single-day battle in American hisOther Names:Sharpsburg; Principal Cdrs: MG McClellan [US]; Gen Lee [CS]; Forces Engaged: Armies; Estimated Casualties: US 12,401, or 25%; CS 10,316, or 31%; bloodiest single-day battle in American history.Result(s): Inconclusive (Union strategic vict... More
Description
Other Names: Marye's Heights; Principal Cdrs: MG Burnside [US]; Gen Lee [CS]; Forces Engaged: US 100,007; CS 72,497; Estimated Casualties: US 13,353; CS 4,576; Result(s): Confederate victory
Memories Hill's Light Division formed a part of Stonewall Jackson's corps: after jackson was mortally woundedHill's Light Division formed a part of Stonewall Jackson's corps: after jackson was mortally wounded at Chancellorsville in May b1863, Hill briefly took command of the corps and was wounded himself.... More
Description Principal Commanders: BG McDowell [US]; BG Johnston and BG Beauregard [CS]. Forces Engaged: US 28,450; CS 32,230. Description: This was the first major land battle of the armies in Virginia. Result(sPrincipal Commanders: BG McDowell [US]; BG Johnston and BG Beauregard [CS]. Forces Engaged: US 28,450; CS 32,230. Description: This was the first major land battle of the armies in Virginia. Result(s): Confederate victory ... More
Memories Appointed Colonel of the 13th Virginia Infanrty Regiment and distinguished himself on the field of FAppointed Colonel of the 13th Virginia Infanrty Regiment and distinguished himself on the field of First Bull Rn. He was promoted to Brigadier General and command of a Brigade in the Confederate Army of the Potomac the following February... More
Description
The Third Seminole War (1855-1858) was again the result of Seminoles responding to settlers and US Army scouting parties encroaching on their lands, perhaps deliberately to provoke a violent response
The Third Seminole War (1855-1858) was again the result of Seminoles responding to settlers and US Army scouting parties encroaching on their lands, perhaps deliberately to provoke a violent response that would result in the removal of the last of the Seminoles from Florida. After an army surveying crew found and destroyed a Seminole plantation west of the Everglades in December 1855, Chief Billy Bowlegs led a raid near Fort Myers, setting off a conflict which consisted mainly of raids and reprisals with no large battles fought. American forces again focused on destroying the Seminoles' food supply, and in 1858, most of the remaining Seminoles, weary of war and facing starvation, agreed to be shipped to Oklahoma in exchange for promises of safe passage and cash payments to their chiefs. An estimated 100 Seminoles still refused to leave and retreated deep into the Everglades to live on land that was unwanted by white settlers.... More
Description The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War, the U.S.–Mexican War or the Invasion of Mexico (Spanish: Intervención estadounidense en México, Guerra de Estados Unidos-México), was an armed The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War, the U.S.–Mexican War or the Invasion of Mexico (Spanish: Intervención estadounidense en México, Guerra de Estados Unidos-México), was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States from 1846 to 1848. It followed in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory in spite of its de facto secession in the 1836 Texas Revolution.
After its independence in 1821 and brief experiment with monarchy, Mexico became a republic in 1824. It was characterized by considerable instability, leaving it ill-prepared for conflict when war broke out in 1846. Native American raids in Mexico's sparsely settled north in the decades preceding the war prompted the Mexican government to sponsor migration from the U.S. to the Mexican province of Texas to create a buffer. However, Texans from both countries revolted against the Mexican government in the 1836 Texas Revolution, creating a republic not recognized by Mexico, which still claimed it as part of its national territory. In 1845, Texas agreed to an offer of annexation by the U.S. Congress, and became the 28th state on December 29 that year.
In 1845, James K. Polk, the newly-elected U.S. president, made a proposition to the Mexican government to purchase the disputed lands between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande. When that offer was rejected, American forces commanded by Major General Zachary Taylor were moved into the disputed territory of Coahuila. They were then attacked by Mexican forces, who killed 12 U.S. soldiers and took 52 as prisoners. These same Mexican troops later laid siege to an American fort along the Rio Grande. This led to the war and the eventual loss of much of Mexico's northern territory.
U.S. forces quickly occupied Santa Fe de Nuevo México and Alta California Territory, and then invaded parts of Central Mexico (modern-day Northeastern Mexico and Northwest Mexico); meanwhile, the Pacific Squadron conducted a blockade, and took control of several garrisons on the Pacific coast farther south in Baja California Territory. The U.S. army, under the command of Major General Winfield Scott, captured the capital, Mexico City, marching from the port of Veracruz.
The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war and specified its major consequence: the Mexican Cession of the territories of Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuevo México to the United States. The U.S. agreed to pay $15 million compensation for the physical damage of the war. In addition, the United States assumed $3.25 million of debt owed by the Mexican government to U.S. citizens. Mexico acknowledged the loss of Texas and thereafter cited the Rio Grande as its national border with the United States.
The territorial expansion of the United States toward the Pacific coast had been the goal of US President James K. Polk, the leader of the Democratic Party. At first, the war was highly controversial in the United States, with the Whig Party, anti-imperialists, and anti-slavery elements strongly opposed. Critics in the United States pointed to the heavy casualties suffered by U.S. forces and the conflict's high monetary cost. The war intensified the debate over slavery in the United States, contributing to bitter debates that culminated in the American Civil War.
In Mexico, the war came in the middle of political turmoil, which increased into chaos during the conflict. The military defeat and loss of territory was a disastrous blow, causing Mexico to enter "a period of self-examination ... as its leaders sought to identify and address the reasons that had led to such a debacle." In the immediate aftermath of the war, some prominent Mexicans wrote that the war had resulted in "the state of degradation and ruin" in Mexico, further claiming, for "the true origin of the war, it is sufficient to say that the insatiable ambition of the United States, favored by our weakness, caused it." The shift in the Mexico-U.S. border left many Mexican citizens separated from their national government. For the indigenous peoples who had never accepted Mexican rule, the change in border meant conflicts with a new outside power.... More
After Jackson's death, Hill was promoted to lieutenant general and placed in command of the newly created Third Corps of Lee's army, which he led in the Gettysburg Campaign of 1863, the autumn campaign of the same year, and the Overland Campaign and Petersburg siege of 1864?65. He once said he had no desire to live to see the collapse of the Confederacy, and on April 2, 1865 (just seven days before Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House), he was killed by a Union soldier, Corporal John W. Mauck of the 138th Pennsylvania, as he rode to the front of the Petersburg lines, accompanied by a lone staff officer.